Structured exercise programs have a clinically and statistically significant beneficial effect on glycemic control that is not primarily mediated by weight loss.
Higher levels of physical activity and/or regular aerobic fitness are associated with significantly lower cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes to a greater extent than could be explained by glucose lowering alone.
To assist with weight maintenance, improve glycemic control, and reduce cardiovascular disease risk, patients with type 2 diabetes (absent contraindications) should engage in at least 150 min per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity (50%–70% of maximum heart rate) and resistance training (initiated with a qualified exercise specialist) 3 times per week.
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2009. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(suppl 1):S13-S61.
